The Meanings of Sarah Palins Childrens Unusual Names

The Meanings of Sarah Palin's Children's Unusual Names Numerous inquiries have been raised about the abnormal names of Sarah Palins kids . They werent arbitrarily picked. Truth be told, the previous Alaska senator and bad habit presidential up-and-comer and her better half, Todd Palin, chose names that mirror the familys individual history and shared interests. Track Palin Track, the familys first-conceived child, was given that name on account of the familys longstanding enthusiasm for sports. Sarahs guardians were mentors, Todd was a secondary school competitor, and Sarah is an eager sprinter. Their first kid was conceived during the track season. Track made news in January 2016 when he was charged in an abusive behavior at home case in which his better half said he punched her and compromised self destruction. Palin was accused of three wrongdoings and conceded on a weapons charge. Different charges were excused. Sarah said her son’s capture originated from post-horrible pressure issue after a military organization in Iraq. In December 2017 Track was accused of lawful offense thievery, fourth degree attack against his dad, and criminal wickedness for causing property damageâ at his folks home. As per court reports, the contest was over a truck that Track needed to get; his dad declined in light of the fact that Track purportedly had been drinking and taking agony medication. He was requested to go through a year in care in October 2018 after a third affirmed attack when an appointed authority governed the charge excluded him from a restorative veterans program following a past ambush case. Bristol Palin The couples most established girl is named after Bristol Bay, a territory where Todd grew up. Bristol Bay is likewise the site of the familys business angling interests. Willow and Piper Palin The Palins havent recognized the centrality of their other two little girls names, yet the significance is likely established in parts of the areas culture and lifestyle. Willow is the name of a little Alaskan people group close to the family home in Wasilla. Flute player may have originated from the name of the mainstream shrub plane the Piper Cub, which is ordinarily utilized in Alaska. In a People magazine talk with, Todd was cited as saying, Theres just not very numerous Pipers out there, and its a cool name. Trig Paxson Van Palin Trig Paxson Van Palin is the couples most youthful kid. As indicated by governors representative Sharon Leighow in an announcement soon after his introduction to the world, Trig is Norse and means valid and fearless triumph. Paxson is an area in Alaska the couple favors, while Van is a gesture to the stone gathering Van Halen. Before Trigs birth, his mom had kidded about naming her child Van Palin, a play on the groups name. Trigs birth was a wellspring of contention and blogosphere bits of gossip. Palin, as indicated by her book Going Rogue, didnt enlighten anybody concerning her pregnancy with their fifth kid aside from her significant other. There were bits of gossip that Bristol, not Sarah, was Trigs mother, however the charges were generally discredited. Sources: Shapiro, Rich. Whats in the Palins childrens names? Fish, for one. nydailynews.com.Sutton, Anne. Palin welcomesâ fifth youngster, a child named Trig Paxson Van Palin. Fairbanks Daily News-MinerWestfall, Sandra Sobieraj. John McCain Sarah Palin on Shattering the Glass Ceiling people.com nbcnews.com, Track Palin, child of Sarah Palin, captured on abusive behavior at home charges against father

Development of and Access to Article 234 (indirect actions)

Improvement of and Access to Article 234 (backhanded activities) Fundamentally evaluate the advancement and improvement of access to and activity of Article 234 (circuitous activities) with respect both to general and legitimacy references for starter decisions. Clarify that referral to the ECJ by means of Article 234 doesn't establish an intrigue, yet perceives the need to accurately decipher the qualification between the standards and standards related with keeping up the use of Community law.â The consideration of Article 234 guarantees that the law keeps on being applied reliably among all Member States as per the goals of Article 220 as noted previously.  Accordingly, inside the statutes of EU arrangements, the law should consistently be maintained.â However, it is likewise intriguing to take note of that decisions in ensuing case law have pulled in analysis comparable to prohibitive translations of the significance of individual concern, viewed as at change with the prerequisite for powerful legal security for Community law rights, a rule set up and maintained by the Community courts in compatible of Article 234.â â When perusing Article 234 logical inconsistencies would seem to propose a contention concerning when applications for decisions ought to be made.â This is, nonetheless, reasonably effortlessly arranged if caution is applied related to the translation of individual case law and, since January 1999, through Guidelines gave by the ECJ itself along these lines consolidated into the Court of Appeal’s Practice Directive and the Civil Procedure Rules, Part 68.â Settling questions between Member States, the different organizations inside the EU and those individual countries, and settling individual and friends debates at fluctuation with EU approaches are progressively significant capacities displayed by the ECJ. EU strategies and enactment must be deciphered and clung to inside the sponsorship of the law, a factor which the ECJ sees through Article 234 of the Treaty of Rome.â Conversation An especially significant capacity the ECJ does, inside Article 234, is to keep up the idea of harmonization between Member States and to guarantee that the law is reliably applied between the entirety of its members.â As decisions made by the ECJ are official on all Member Nations, any referrals made by singular household courts to explain EU enactment keeps up homogeneity among the European Union.â According to Article 234 purview might be applied by the ECJ in issues of understanding of arrangement issues, ‘the legitimacy and translation of demonstrations of the institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, and ‘the understanding of the rules of bodies set up by a demonstration of the Council†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢.â An especially significant proviso inside Article 234 identifies with referrals from local courts who require the law explained inside the sponsorship of EU conventions which, because of the rigid utilizations of a considerable lot of the principles and guidelines can be espe cially adumbrative.â This specific viewpoint was uncovered for the situation ofâ Jã ©go-Quã ©rã © et Cie SA v Commission, and again on account of Brown, the last of which was especially fascinating a result of the absence of explicit point of reference inside UK national law and, comparatively around then, EU enactment itself.â In this specific case the ECJ decided that an accommodation may be introduced to the ECtHR for their consideration.â Accordingly, referrals could be either obligatory, in situations where the House of Lords considers further explanation is important, after which the case is chosen by the court which made the referral.â Additionally optional referrals might be made as far as the Court of Appeal or a lower court who may choose to allude a case to the ECJ for explanation, or deciding to execute their own sharpness to arrive at a decision.â On account of Bulmer v Bollinger it was chosen by Lord Denning that Article 234 [para 2] decisions should just be refered to where their usage would bring about the case being closed, acte clair tenet ought to be avoided, and in cases previously explained by an ECJ controlling further explanation ought not be regarded necessary.â Furthermore, any factor bringing about potential treachery because of raunchy postpone should likewise be thought of, along with different other factors.â If Jã ©go-Quã ©rã ©, for example, had been effective in their first Action for Annulment, different results could have come about, in spite of the fact that the outcomes would be needy upon semantics:â through intercession conjuring Article 231, a Regulation could be constrained, despite the fact that an Act need be pronounced void.â CONCLUSION Although this matter of postponement ought to have been mostly settled by the presentation of the Court of First Instance which was given the dispatch to alleviate a portion of the weight from the ECJ, alluding on as important any assessment of standard to the ECJ for a survey of its judgment â€Å"where a genuine danger of solidarity or consistency of Community law† may somehow follow. Any check ought to likewise have been resolved through the presentation, following the Treaty of Nice, of Judicial Panels, which makes certain referrals to the Court of First Instance, albeit minimal real proof of this has been recorded as EU enrollment has kept on developing exponentially. After the Treaty of European Union and the Treaties Establishing the European Communities were fused into the Treaty of Amsterdam, financial co-activity between Member States turned out to be to a greater degree a reality.â This successfully expanded the degree of impact the European Parliame nt could have on each nation’s residential courses of action.  â Before the Treaty of Rome, it took an apparent break of Community law for the privileges of the person to be perceived by a Judicial Review of Community Acts, through the conjuring of Articles 230 to 233.â However, as per the ethos of Article 234, the European Court of Justice may now apply the vital enactment planned to decipher and apply EU arrangements through keeping up the level of influence inside the Member States and characterizing the parity yielded among the EU Community to keep up amicability between the dissimilar countries that comprise the Union.â   As an outcome, an individual ought to have the privilege of help, inside EC law, of the ECtHR. Following this decision the prohibitive translation of the importance of individual concern has been scrutinized as being at chances with the prerequisite for viable legal insurance for Community law rights, a rule built up and maintained by the Community courts through their understanding of Article 230 [para. 4], notwi thstanding Advocate General Jacobs’ see that â€Å"the head of powerful legal security is a piece of Community law†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Book reference BOOKS: Derbyshire, P (2004):â Eddey Darbyshire on the English Legal System (seventh ed). Andover:â Sweet Maxwell Maitland-Walker, Julian and Sully, Robert (2002):â ECJ Defines the Right of an Individual to Challenge EC Laws that Detrimentally Affect it.â London:â Goldens Publications Roney, Alex and Budd, Stanley (1998):â The European Union:â a guide through the EC/EU Maze (sixth ed), page 35 ARTICLES: Edwards, David O (1995):â How the Court of Justice Works.â European Law Review, Vol 20, Issue 539 HMSO: sixth Report of Session 2003 †04:â Case T-177/01 [2002] ECR II-2365 Jã ©go-Quã ©rã © et Cie SA v Commission:â The Future Role of the European Court of Justice.â Report with Evidence.â London:â HMSO. HL Paper 47..â Published fifteenth March 2004 Ragolle, Filip (2003):â Access to Justice for Private Applicants in the Community Legal Order:â Recent (R)Evolutions. European Law Review, Vol 28, Issue 1, Pages 90 101 Enactment: Article 119 Article 220 (beforehand Article 164) Article 225 (already Article 168a) Article 230 (beforehand Article 177) Article 234 Article 234 [para. 2] Article 234 [para. 3] Gathering Decision 88/591, OJ (L319) 1 [1988] OJ (C 340) 1 [1997] Bargain of Amsterdam OJ (C340) 3 [1997] http://europe.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/s50000.htm TABLE OF CASES: Bulmer v Bollinger [1974] CA Case T-177/01 [2002] ECR II-2365 Jã ©go-Quã ©rã © et Cie SA v Commission CILFIT v Ministry of Health [1982] ECR 3415 HP Bulmer Ltd v J Bollinger SA [1974] 2 All ER 1226 Laskey, Jaggard and Brown v United Kingdom (1997) 24 EHRR 39, ECtHR Macarthys Ltd v Smith [1979] 3 All ER 325 Pickstone v Freemans plc [1988] HL R v Brown [1993] 2 All ER HL 82 Re Tachographs: EC Commission v UK [1979] 2 CMLR 45 Torfaen Borough Council v B Q [1990] ECJ Van Duyn v Home Office [1974] 3 All ER 178 ONLINE RESOURCES: (all locales visited 18/06/05)Available at URLs: http://www.curia.eu.int/jurisp/cgi-container/gettext.pl?lang=ennum=79958777T1904 %20R0201_2doc=Touvert=Tseance=ORDwhere=() Delaney, Erin (2003):â Right to an Effective Remedy †Judicial Protection and European Citizenship. http://www.fedtrust.co.uk/transfers/constitution/delaney.pdf Bargain of Amsterdam OJ (C340) 3 [1997] http://europe.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/s50000.htm

What Is Worth Fighting for?

Jordan Jackson Mrs. Bugg English351 2/15/13 Family Is Worth Fighting For How is family imperative to you? Family is significant on the grounds that they are our family, they bolster us in all that we do, they are consistently there to secure us, they are there to defend us, they are consistently there for us , they will consistently be our relatives and they will consistently cherish us. So shouldn’t we battle for them? A few people make some hard memories in any event, beginning families all alone, a few families are experiencing monetary hindrances, however they will consistently be a family and they will consistently stick together.Family merits battling for. Families in the military make some hard memories receiving youngsters on account of the steady moving around constantly whether it is in the states or in an alternate nation. Selection hasn’t been simple for those families in the military. â€Å"The issue of movement is one of the serious issues our families ha ve confronted when they are thinking about reception, â€Å"confirms Al Smith. Families in the military presumably have a family however on the off chance that they need to receive a kid it is going be hard for them.Many individuals in the military don’t have the opportunity to really create kids on they’re own so they need to embrace yet it’s hard. Al Smith began an establishment where individuals in the military can embrace kids without having any issues with voyaging. Families who experience monetary troubles experience issues accommodating their family. Some of the time they make some hard memories in any event, putting nourishment on the table. Families with a lot of youngsters make some hard memories supporting their family particularly if the guardians don’t have a decent paying job.In a few families the guardians don’t even have an occupation. Perhaps the greatest reason for monetary issues is work misfortune. In some cases one of the youn gsters or one of the guardians get sick and paying for all the doctor's visit expenses can put money related weight on a family. In some cases guardians must have more than one employment to accommodate they’re family. In any event, when the children get mature enough to have an occupation they need to find a new line of work to help give cash to their folks to take care of the tabs and to help put nourishment on the table. Families even need to experience neediness. Today the destitution rate in the U.S. is the most noteworthy it’s been in 17 years, influencing somewhere in the range of 46 million individuals. The economy is the primary motivation behind why the neediness rate is so high. ( Struggling Families Lift Themselves Out Of Poverty. NPR. organization ) Families in neediness have only the others in their families to rely upon. Outsiders that come to America to begin another life undoubtedly begin with monetary issues and they are in destitution. Maurice Lim Mi ller began an establishment to help get families out of destitution. This establishment enables the guardians of this family to get back on their feet.They to enable the families to land positions, they feed the families, they house the families, they give the families garments to wear. This establishment has helped numerous families escape destitution. A few families experience abusive behavior at home and the youngsters need to manage that for whatever length of time that the other parent is eager to manage the maltreatment. It influences everyone in the family whether they are getting manhandled or not. It influences the kids by observing and manage one of their folks or kin experiencing that misuse, and here and there the family needs to move away from the spot they experienced childhood in to another place.It influences the mother or father by not realizing how to manage the circumstance and regardless of whether they knew how they would need to move out of their home and leave the individual that is the parent of their youngsters. Ladies that are associated with aggressive behavior at home need to go to abusive behavior at home safe houses with they’re kids. Abusive behavior at home doesn’t must be really hitting the other individual, it could be removing the different person’s cash. Getting the cash far from the other individual can prevent that individual from covering tabs and accommodating they’re family.Family member’s that are experiencing misuse ought to have the option to go to they’re other relatives for counsel on the most proficient method to escape that circumstance or for a spot to remain to escape from that individual manhandling them. Taking everything into account families need to manage numerous kinds of things like destitution, abusive behavior at home, experiencing difficulty receiving. Toward the day's end they are as yet a family and they need to push through whatever they are managing throug h and be there for one another when they need it the most.Families need to make it step by step and manage issues that surface, love each other in any event, when they settle on wrong decisions, be there for the other relative when times get hard and be there for them through the great occasions. Appreciate the time we have with our family now since life is short. Family is significant, how are we ready to battle for them? Works Cited Page Fessler,Pam. â€Å"Struggling Families out of Poverty. † (2012) NPR. organization. Web. 7 December 2012. â€Å"Obstacles Facing Military Families. † (2012) military. reception. com. Web. 7 December 2012.

Cooking Essay Topics

Cooking Essay TopicsCooking Essay Topics are the steps that you take to gain inspiration. Essay topics can be as simple as pulling together a variety of ingredients from the pantry. If you really want to get something out of your writing, the more writing you put into it, the better you can get. Cooking Essay Topics might be getting an event and what that event entailed, from the caterer's instructions to the food being served, to a personalized recipe you made for yourself.Writing about your cooking experience should be as creative as the situation you are writing about. Cooking Essay Topics must be creative and personal. As such, there are so many opportunities for article and essay topics.Cooking Essay Topics can be as simple as the sandwich you made for lunch. Instead of going to a restaurant or watching a cookery show, try making up your own recipe to share with others. Cooking Essay Topics can include recipes you made, handed down from the family and even an innovation of your own.Cooking Essay Topics can also include the idea of going back to school or doing a home study program. If you have children, then cooking Essay Topics can include activities or lessons on home cooking. There are many ways you can present a home study topic, and depending on the topic you chose, your essay can have a different tone.Cooking Essay Topics can be about getting to eat healthy. Even if you were not a big foodie in your life, now that you have children it can be very difficult to introduce healthy food choices. When this happens, you need to show that you are more interested in your family's health than in making any special desserts. You should be enthusiastic about the whole idea and present yourself as the ideal cooking instructor.Cooking Essay Topics can also be about being careful about the ingredients you are using. Always follow safety guidelines and don't be afraid to ask for tips from the local health department. Remember that every recipe is unique and it will be different for each of your readers.There are so many other ways to present your cooking essay topics. Cooking Essay Topics are great ways to introduce your recipe. They are also great ways to add your personality to your writing and open up your family and readers to opportunities that you might not have thought of.

Trace The Pathway Of A Bill Essay - 1394 Words

Jeanelle Carmona PSC 201 Essay #8 Trace the pathway of a bill through both houses of congress. The process in which a bill becomes a law can be a lengthy one, it must go through many steps in order to become the law of the land. It is believed that this process should be a matter that every American citizen should be informed of in order to fully understand and appreciate the inner workings of congress with regard to The House of Representatives and the Senate. The steps in which a bill becomes a law is an example of the democratic way of life here in The United States. â€Å"The fact that a proposal cannot become a law without consideration and approval by both houses of congress is an outstanding virtue of our bicameral legislative system.† (Sullivan 1-2) Anyone can write a bill not just a member of congress. Any citizen, group or organization can â€Å"draw† up a bill. The right to petition is guaranteed by the first amendment. These bills are usually written in the form of a letter. It is estimated that more then 15,000 bills are introduced to The House of Representatives and the Senate each year. Each one is then assigned to a committee after it is given a number. 22 of these committees belong to The House of Representatives and 15 to the Senate. The majority of all laws originate in The House of Representatives. These bills fall into two categories, private and public. A public bill is any bill that affects the public or the nation. An example of a public billShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of A Bill. Trace The Pathway Of A Bill Through1956 Words   |  8 PagesThe Life of a Bill Trace the Pathway of a bill through both houses of Congress Have you ever wondered how bills are passed through Congress? Have you ever wondered why it takes so much time for a bill to be signed? Both of these questions will lead you to the same conclusion. 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A Comparison of Shakespeares Prince Hamlet and...

A Comparison of Prince Hamlet and Machiavellis The Prince Machiavelli states that it is necessary for a prince, who wishes to maintain himself, to learn how not to be good, and use this knowledge and not use it, according to the necessity of the case. Machiavellis ideas both compare and contrast to the methods used by Hamlet. Hamlets desire to drive the king mad and eventually kill him, is what he thinks he must do in order to set things right. Hamlet struggles to maintain his position as prince. Perhaps he lacks the essential qualities of a prince outlined by Machiavelli. According to Machiavelli, the pursuit of all things regarded as virtuous and praiseworthy will only lead to the princes ruin. This†¦show more content†¦I know not seems. Tis not alone my inky cloak, good mother, nor customary suits of solemn black . . . Together with all forms, moods, shapes of grief, that can denote me truly. These indeed seem, for they are actions that a man might play; but I have that within which passes show, these but the trappings and the suits of woe. (Hamlet, I, ii., 76-86) Hamlet tells her in this quote, that his feelings are true, and that he does in fact grieve for his father. His outward self is just like his inward self. He reveals this again later, in his first soliloquy, when he shows his disgust for the seeming world, in which everything is weary, stale, flat and unprofitable. (Hamlet, I, ii., 133) Hamlet must soon come to disregard his sense of morality in order to save himself, and he does, proving the second part of Machiavellis quote: Therefore, it is necessary for a prince, who wishes to maintain himself, to learn how not to be good ... The first signs of this appear when the players arrive at the court. He shows that he can learn how not to be good, when he uses the first players skill to his advantage. He asks the player You could study a speech of some dozen or sixteen lines, which I would set down and insert int, couldnt you? (Hamlet, II, ii., 534-536) The player then agrees that he will insert the speech written by Hamlet into his own speech, on the night of the play. In his soliloquy, Hamlet mentions how he will use the players acting

Employees Perception of Burnout

Question: Discuss about theEmployees Perception of Burnout. Answer: Introduction Burnout and Factors Contributing to Employees Perception of Burnout Employee burnout typically refers to the state where employee is not motivated enough to work. Most commonly, burnout is the result of being overworked and under-appreciated, and often, employees end up with more on their plate than they can get done even by doing overtime. On the flip side, burnout also occurs when employees are bored or depressed and become under-stimulated (Dunford, 2012). Others experience burnout because they are fearful of losing their job and feel insecure about their level of work, or are unclear about job expectations. If a leader does not monitor his/her self and pushes employees to their limits without the right compensation and encouragement, this can create problems of burning out employees. Managers would be more like securing the achievement of set and future goals. Managers can become robotic to an extent of just following protocol (Spyropoulou, 2015). They can become complacent and comfortable and not create a vision for the future. Treating employee s with respect and doing the right things allows companies to be held at high standards. An overall happy working environment also helps employees with burn out and helps them to be great at their current role. Ethics are formal rules and expectations and if a company states their standards and stays strong to their values it will trickle into their employees. It is easy to get burnt out when employees have to work long hours and are not paid the salary they desire. When having to plan, everyone should always take into consideration the amount of work changes would put on others. It is also important to remember that everyone deserves to be considered and their well being on the job.Daft (2014) makes a good point when he says that a company's success is not based on luck. When planning strategically, organizations should not necessarily be afraid to think outside the box, but they should at least have a contingency plan for when things go awry. It is important that the workplace env ironment should be created in a manner where employees can avoid any chances of burnout. Schuh (2015) argued that employee burnout is caused through a combination of internal and external factors. The internal factors that cause employee burnout would be personal characteristics of employees, attitude of employees etc. The external factors that cause employee burnout would be work environment, job characteristics, etc. It is important that the organizations and leaders should focus to have effective organizational culture so that internal and external factors that facilitate employee burnout could be avoided. The employee burnout is also caused when the organizational leaders and managers does not provide effective feedback. Good, effective feedback is paramount to the accountability of employees and the supervisor. In order for a person to grow and be effective within an organization, it is important to understand what is expected of them and if they are adequately performing there job tasks and meeting expectations or need improvement (Spyropoulou, 2015). The effectiveness of any organization is directly related to the effectiveness of the leaders and it is believed that leaders can create a platform where there are less chances of employee burnout. It can happen through effective strategic planning. It is believed that strategic planning is very important in clarifying where the organization is going and how is going to get there. In addition, leaders are the ones who male strategic plans for the future. Therefore, these two elements and the relationship they share are of vital importance to the success of the organization. Involving the leaders in the strategic plan from the initial steps, will lock their commitment and buy-in into it, and secure the allocation of funds process.When organizations have a resistant culture, if a strategic plan is not fully created and executed properly it can be like taking ten steps backwards. For example causing more resistance from employees. Demonstrating value creation, generate a good business m odel, identifying risks, prioritizing risks, and reduce risk through business experiments are excellent steps to overcoming resistance in any organization. Authors argued that organization could actually create a culture where there are limited chances of employee burnout when leaders and managers are able to manage all the four functions of management effectively (Korunka, 2013). These functions can be discussed as: Planning: It is the identification of goals of future performance and deciding on the tasks and the use of the resources (Daft, 2011). This component of management challenges the managers with the identification financial, technological and the informational and human resources. On the other hand the leaders have to communicate the need and the vision to the employees for future performance. Organizing: Involves assigning tasks, grouping tasks into departments, delegating authority, and allocating resources across the organization (Daft, 2011). . The challenge here is to identify competent employees to delegate the authority to accomplish tasks in a responsible manner. The leaders have the burden to assign tasks to employees who has the knowledge, skills, education, training and education without creating conflict amongst the teams. Leading: It is the use of influence to motivate employees (Daft, 2011). The challenge for both managers and the leaders here is to create a shared culture and values, communications of goals. Managers do this provision of resources and training and assisting in the new hire process. The leaders communicate the vision, needs, and progress of the change to the employees to motivate them toward goal accomplishment (Shi, 2015). Controlling: Means monitoring employees activities, progress toward organizational goals (Daft, 2011). The challenge here is to identify positive or negative progress and team activities and corrections are made and the wins are celebrated at this time. The leaders may run the risk to motivate the team if the progress is negative otherwise the leaders encourage and motivate the staff with short- term wins. Slide (2015) highlighted that there are seven signs of employee burnout at workplace. The first sign is disengagement. It happens when the employees are not motivated to work and they feel themselves disengaged (Slide, 2015). The second sign is being exhausted. The employees could feel exhausted in physical or mental terms. The third sign is increased absenteeism and accidents. This sign reflects that employees do not want to visit the office. The fourth sign is that employees start to show the sign that they are not fit for the job. The fifth sign is that employees started to feel isolated. The sixth sign is higher sensitivity of employees and the seventh sign is the extreme thinking of employees (Slide, 2015). It is important to mention that signs of employee burnout are not always obvious, but that doesnt mean they arent there. Such things like employee disengagement, mental, emotional and physical exhaustion, or extreme thinking may be indicators of something more serious. Copeland (2014) contends that value based leadership is the key to create a culture where employee burnout could be avoided. With the focus on value based leadership, organization can actually sense and figure out the sign of employee burnout. The value-based leadership is a byproduct of time and culture. Recently there has been a plague of extensive, evasive, and disheartening ethical failures (Copeland, 2014). As a result, management and leadership theorists have emphasized importance returning to the ethics and morality of exemplary leaders (Copeland, 2014). Moreover, values based leadership is engrained in the constructs of such leadership styles as authenticity, ethicality, and transformational leadership (Copeland, 2014). Value based leadership is very significant in the culture of an organization because if the leader has value or internal character it will be displayed on the outside as to the others are treated. A Value based leader shares the vision and promotes his values during the process of leading. What does a value based leader look like? For starters a value-based leader is one who build his organization based upon the core values that have helped shape his character (Dunford, 2012). Value based leaders create a culture that affects others and influences them to live in integrity, not only at work but outside of work which is a lifestyle of leadership. The drivers of employee burnout could also be linked to organizational design and structure. This is the reason that organizations have started to focus on flexible organization design and flat organization structure. According to Daft (2016), The classical perspective, which sought to make organizations run like efficient, well-oiled machines, is associated with the development of hierarchy and bureaucratic organizations and remains the basis of much of modern management theory and practice (p. 25). This, essentially, led to the development of the mechanistic design of organizational procedure. Although the more informal, decentralized organic design seems to be the direction that modern organizations would like to move in, many organizations do seem to continue to operate mechanistically. In reality, it appears that modern organizations may be using a combination of both mechanistic and organic design. While a more casual environment certainly has its benefits, such as encouraging self-directed and self-motivating behavior, aspects of more formal systems, such as hierarchal relationships, remain relevant. Van de Ven, Ganco, and Hinigs (2013) revisited the historical context of contingency theory and determined that foundation has beginnings relating to Taylors scientific management method. The scientific management theory developed by Frederick Taylor has the most significant impact on contemporary organizational design because the theory is the foundation of developing efficiency in an organization (Daft, 2016). Organizational efficiency refers to how much can be produced or provided utilizing the least amount of resources or effort (Daft, 2016). Formal interpretations of Taylors theory indicate that the mechanistic model for organization design works best because managers and leaders make the decisions and lower level supervisors and workers carry out tasks without much input (Han, 2016). Informal interpretations of Taylors theory indicate that the organic model of organizational design works best because there are fewer levels of management to filter communications through and the boundaries of work responsibilities are wider. It is observed that the employee is high in the organizations that are not able to manage the change in the organization. Daft (2015) lists the elements of change as ideas, needs, decision to adopt, implementation, and resources. He further stipulates that in order for change to be successful in an organization each of these elements must occur. These elements are connected through communication, verbal and non-verbal. The sharing of knowledge with these elements is essential among employees and management within the organization, without which, failure follows (Baesu, Bejinaru, 2014). The elements this writer considers most significant are the ideas and implementation of those ideas. Essentially, ideas begin the process of change. Without someone having a new idea there is no need to change. Status quo can be maintained without disturbing the peace. When ideas are birthed, it takes essential effort in communication through the channels to have those ideas implemented. Discovery of the need is important, as well as the decision to adopt the idea, and allocation of resources, but without the initial idea, these elements are irrelevant to the process. Too many times ideas are presented but never realize implementation. The reason is due to an issue with one of the elements of change, eliminating either the need, or failure in communication to see the idea through. This failure can be owed to a lack of management buy-in or the originator being able to communicate the idea fully. In an organizational setting, change is about taking an idea, a new direction and making it real. The employees at low level can feel burnout if the top management and mid level management is not able to bring the change in an effective manner. All change proceeds from conception to pragmatism. The top management commitment is critical for the success of the change implementation. According to Aladwani, (2001). Change requires a strategic vision to ensure its long-term success (p. 273). For a good change in the organization, the managers need to have a good strategy about what change is needed, the plan of the change, its implementation, and the effects of the change on the organization. To ensure successful change in the organization, the organizations progress, the employees resistance and anxieties to the change, and the organizational effectiveness need to be monitored. There are various ways to overcome the issue of employee burnout. One of the most basic but key aspects to avoid employee burnout is effective communication at workplace. The managers should establish both formal and informal communication channels (Korunka, 2013). The communication should be two ways in nature. It means that the employees should be motivated to provide their feedback and reach out to customers. It would create employee satisfaction and employee belongingness and eventually it would be a platform to avoid employee burnout. It is important that that the leaders and management should hold regular staff meetings with the employees at various levels. Another measure that could avoid employee burnout is to clarify the job expectations to employees in the starting. It is important that employees should know their expectations and they should not feel any unnecessary pressure from management (Jung Kim, 2012). The chances of employee burnout could also be avoided if the man agers and leaders could understand the trigger point of motivation. It would be correct to say that employees may not feel burnout if they are motivate to work for the organization. Therefore, it is important that the managers and leaders should appreciate the work of employees. Another direct method to avoid employee burnout is to increase the compensation of employees. It is believed that employees would be able to work with high motivation levels when they get handsome pay. Therefore, pay, perks, and rewards are the ways for organizations to avoid employee burnout. In the end, it can be said that the leaders and managers should create a culture where chances of employee burnout is limited. This culture could be created with the support of internal and external stakeholders of the organization. With the above discussion it can be said various internal and external drivers cause that employee burnout. It is important that organizations should work to create a culture where employees feel self-motivated, as motivation is the key to avoid employee burnout. The leaders and managers also have important roles to play. The leaders create the work atmosphere and work environment. A positive work environment is the key to create a culture where employees burnout could be avoided. The large and multinational organizations must create a culture where the employees from various cultural backgrounds can work together. The employee burnout could also be avoided if the leaders can show the vision to employees. The leaders must focus on effective communication at work place. The communication should create a platform where employees can also reach out to higher management. It is important that the employees should discuss all their concerns with managers and leaders without any hindrance. It would also help to create a free culture without any burnout factors. References Aladwani, A. M. (2001). Change management strategies for successful ERP implementation.Business Process Management Journal,7(3), 266-275. Auh, S., Menguc, B., Spyropoulou, S. and Wang, F., 2015. Service employee burnout and engagement: the moderating role of power distance orientation.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, pp.1-20. Avanzi, L., Schuh, S.C., Fraccaroli, F. and van Dick, R., 2015. Why does organizational identification relate to reduced employee burnout? The mediating influence of social support and collective efficacy.Work Stress,29(1), pp.1-10. Baesu, C., Bejinaru, R. (2014). Issues of knowledge dynamics during organizational change.USV Annals of Economics Public Administration, 14(1), 147-153 Chartrand, C. (2016). 7 Signs of Employee Burnout you Cant Believe youre Missing. Retrieved from: https://atmanco.com/blog/hcm/signs-of-employee-burnout-you-are-missing/ Copeland, M. K. (2014). The Emerging Significance Of Values Based Leadership: A Literature Review.International Journal Of Leadership Studies,8(2), 105-135. Daft, R. L. (2013).Management(11th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Dunford, B.B., Shipp, A.J., Boss, R.W., Angermeier, I. and Boss, A.D., 2012. Is burnout static or dynamic? A career transition perspective of employee burnout trajectories. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), p.637 Han, S.J., Bonn, M.A. and Cho, M., 2016. The relationship between customer incivility, restaurant frontline service employee burnout and turnover intention.International Journal of Hospitality Management,52, pp.97-106. Jung, J. and Kim, Y., 2012. Causes of newspaper firm employee burnout in Korea and its impact on organizational commitment and turnover intention.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(17), pp.3636-3651. Kubicek, B., Korunka, C. and Ulferts, H., 2013. Acceleration in the care of older adults: New demands as predictors of employee burnout and engagement.Journal of Advanced Nursing,69(7), pp.1525-1538. Mo, S. and Shi, J., 2015. Linking Ethical Leadership to Employee Burnout, Workplace Deviance and Performance: Testing the Mediating Roles of Trust in Leader and Surface Acting.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-11. Slide, C. (2016). 15 Tips to Deal With Employee Burnout as a Manager or Business Owner. Retrieved from: https://www.moneycrashers.com/tips-deal-employee-burnout-manager-business/ Van de Ven, A. H., Ganco, M., Hinings, C. R. (2013). Returning to the frontier of contingency theory of organizational and institutional designs. The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 393-440.

Gaga and Audience Study free essay sample

Music videos also have their own implications. Sq said in an article by Seibel. Com, If anything, the video simply amplifies what music ideas have been all along: a giant commercial for an artist to sell records with and this is more than true with Gaga but as well as selling music, music videos are also helping he sell concert tickets. Concerts are where the majority of the money is made in the modern industry due to the increase in piracy. Consequently, her music videos become promotion to her concerts and actively act as a preview of what you can expect from her concert.An example would be the costume changes throughout her died for telephone. She changes from a telephone headpiece to a leopard print leotard. The multiple costume changes not only put into practice what she preaches but it becomes a preview of what fans can expect from her concerts which is excessive costume changes. We will write a custom essay sample on Gaga and Audience Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This ultimately shows how the more physical products music artists make, the more they are Just trying to increase their sales of other things in the effort to earn more money from their fans.The same conclusion could then be drawn from the latest thing of having lyric videos for singles could Just be an encouragement for fans to purchase something else to increase the commercial success for artists and their labels. This raises a more significant implication of how more and more mediums are being created for fans to buy into and the impulsive buying from fans are further increasing the profits made from Gaga as a brand.Fans tend to buy merchandise and anything with their idols on them in the effort to prove they are the biggest fans and again like music, they are tangible things in which artists sell and no doubt contributed to Sagas $90 million dollar profit last year :according to Forbes). Ere relationship created by Lady Gaga with her fans is no doubt commercially driven Ninth the intention to pave a way for an increase in sales to maximize the return on investing in Gaga in the first place.Although it is unknown the exact figure that Gaga earned over the past year, Forbes has estimated her earnings at double her fellow musician Kathy Perry at $90 million with her label, management etc. Earning more. There is no doubt that her record label is the real winner in the relationship, although Lad y Gaga isnt far behind. They both benefit on a material basis in terms of financial return on their investment while Little Monsters only benefit on a sentimental level. Although you cant put a price on emotional happiness, they get nothing material form the relationship.In essence, they are being taken advantage of as they are marketing and actively supporting their idol that earns money while they get from the relationship is sentimental value. As well as this many implications from the relationship established between Gaga and her Little Monsters can be explored. Others include the use of social media to utilities the skills and dedication of fans for their commercial gain. Implications such as these cement the idea of how the label ND Gaga are definitely the winners of the relationship created via the excellent establishment of Gaga as a media product.In conclusion, Lady Gaga and her relationship with her audience clearly show the commercial agenda behind the establishment of relationships between the product and the buyer. Several implications can be raised from the relationship particularly ho benefits. Other implications include fans dependency on their idols such as Saga and also the commercial agenda behind signing talents where the music Industry is becoming more about the personality and brand they can sell rather than he voice or talent.It is clear that the record label is the real winners who benefit extremely well from the financial success of Gaga as a consumer driven brand. However how long can advocate difference last? Dominating the 2010 Vamp, Gaga hasnt even received a single nomination this year. But no doubt it will take more than a VIM nomination to break down the important relationship between Gaga and her 30 million strong Little Monsters and no doubt Gaga and her label have a few more tricks up their sleeves for the evolution of the brand that is Lady Gaga for many [ears to come yet.

Daspletosaurus - Facts and Figures

Daspletosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Daspletosaurus (Greek for frightful lizard); pronounced dah-SPLEE-toe-SORE-us Habitat: Swamps of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (75-70 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and three tons Diet: Herbivorous dinosaurs Distinguishing Characteristics: Massive head with numerous teeth; stunted arms About Daspletosaurus Daspletosaurus is one of those dinosaur names that sounds better in English translation than in the original Greekfrightening lizard is both scarier and more pronounceable! Other than its position near the top of the late Cretaceous food chain, theres not much to say about this tyrannosaur: like its close relative, Tyrannosaurus Rex, Daspletosaurus combined a massive head, a muscular body, and many, many sharp, pointy teeth with a ravenous appetite and puny, comical-looking arms. Its likely that this genus included a number of similar-looking species, not all of which have been discovered and/or described. Daspletosaurus has a complicated taxonomic history. When the type fossil of this dinosaur was discovered in Canadas Alberta Province in 1921, it was assigned as a species of another tyrannosaur genus, Gorgosaurus. There it languished for almost 50 years, until another paleontologist took a closer look and promoted Daspletosaurus to genus status. A few decades later, a second putative Daspletosaurus specimen wound up being assigned to yet a third tyrannosaur genus, Albertosaurus. And while all this was going on, the maverick fossil-hunter Jack Horner suggested that a third Daspletosaurus fossil was actually a transitional form between Daspletosaurus and T. Rex! Dale Russell, the paleontologist who assigned Daspletosaurus to its own genus, had an interesting theory: he proposed that this dinosaur coexisted with Gorgosaurus in the plains and woodlands of late Cretaceous North America, Gorgosaurus preying on duck-billed dinosaurs and Daspletosaurus preying on ceratopsians, or horned, frilled dinosaurs. Unfortunately, it now seems that the territory of these two tyrannosaurs did not overlap to the extent Russell believed, Gorgosaurus being largely restricted to northern regions and Daspletosaurus inhabiting southern regions.

Managers and Work Relationships - Incident Analysis, Diagnosis and Essay

Managers and Work Relationships - Incident Analysis, Diagnosis and Action Plan - Essay Example Several problems of people management can be mitigated easily; some are entirely outside our control and can only be restrained; however, you still have power over several aspects which influence your ‘people’ and hence it is your duty to make sure that your leadership and management are constructive. You can merely undervalue the effect which you personally have upon the efficiency and practices of your team. As the manager of a group, you have the power to punish, motivate or limit most factors of their working day, and this puts you in authority, and accountability. This essay will present an analysis of two incidences between managers and employees: (1) managing diversity and (2) workplace discrimination; a self-diagnosis and assessment of my own competency as a manager and as an employee; and an action plan based on the competencies identified in the first two sections. My approach to diversity started with an aggressive, insistent, and proactive action plan. I viewed diversity as an organization’s asset, a main concern of the management, and an actual business goal. Before one can successfully deal with diversity you should first have a highly diversified work force. Fundamental to the success of my approach was the organization’s accepting the requirements of the law. The organization aims to make sure that their employees are representative of the demographics of the community and that its personnel and management seem like the transforming nature of the enterprises they serve (Dubois 1993). The objective is to ‘motivate’ and not diversity management. To that objective, my approach deals with general changes to encourage each individual to provide their inputs to his/her best potential. Diversity management is a transformative practice and the focus has shifted from the superiority of affirmative action to the breadth of optimizing all organizational members (Armstrong 2000). My program for workforce

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 41

Leadership - Essay Example 68). The major challenge in personal development is handling criticism, which is essential in developing and understanding of personality. In spite of the challenges, understanding of the notion and the choice of the other people is integral in personality development. The hidden area in the model illustrates areas that cannot be handled personality and depends on the ability of others to help in the discovery. The hidden areas in personality include talents which may be identified by other people (Ashcraft, 2011, p. 69). The hidden areas depend on communication development allowing critical analysis of the behavior of the leader or individual. The blind and the unknown areas in personality will be understood when the crisis is handled in the company. The blind area is understood by others which may be different with the way one perceives himself. In fact, the blind area can be useful when trying to understand why others respond to you (Ashcraft, 2011, p. 124). The hidden area represents what one does not want others to know which may lead to crisis when known. The major challenge in Johari window theory is the understanding of the areas of control of the

How the Digital World May Change Essay Example for Free

How the Digital World May Change Essay The rapidly changing societies with constantly improving technology and occurrence of social digital technologies dramatically changed the way people communicate and interact with each other making them either â€Å"digital natives†, â€Å"digital residents†, â€Å"digital immigrants† or â€Å"digital visitors† based on their generation or familiarization with technology. More and more people today perceive the world as the complicated and mature network of computerized and online applications that help to communicate, search for, exchange and share information, make business with international partners, play games on distance, and many other purposes. Though, the question is whether digital natives and digital residents are the same in their perception of the world, behavior and life habits in the future? Behavior of Digital Residents Since personally I was born before 1994, I am related to the category of digital residents, who were born before the occurrence of social digital technologies. Such people like me learnt the computer and Internet-related skills either in schools or universities and have an opportunity to compare life and perception of the world before and after the digital world. Despite I am not a digital native, my behavior as a digital resident is already influenced by numerous technologies I am using daily like cell phone, computer, DVD player, iPod, etc. With occurrence of cell phones, for example, people became more flexible and mobile in their behavior, actions, plans and ability to communicate with their family members, friends and colleagues. Moreover, many people combine conversations by cell phone with other activities like cleaning the house, working on the computer, shopping or driving a car (Palfrey and Gasser, 2008). Recently more and more people, including me, prefer to make their personal or business calls while driving to the office, shop or gym. It might be a good way to use time efficiently, though at the same time might cause problems and distract a person from driving and being careful on the road. In one of his first video chapters Robert Schrag (2010) addressed exactly this issue when young people got used to talk by phone and type text messages while driving. Though, the main difference in such behavior between digital natives and digital residents is that the last ones are more careful, reasonable and less dependent on the technologies than digital natives are (Palfrey and Gasser, 2008). It might sound crazy, but computers, cell phones and other technology-related products became a mandatory and integral daily part of their lives. While as a digital resident I am less dependent, or better to say, obsessed with technology, the changing world of education and business requires being constantly aware and familiar with the latest technologies, either to learn the updated and useful information for my personal and professional development or to keep pace with younger people whose knowledge of languages, computers and technology-related applications make them more competitive at the labor market. Conclusion  As for the future behavior as a digital resident, it is rather hard to predict since more and more innovations enter our lives. For example, nowadays a debate exists concerning two main issues: human cloning and brain chips. Personally, I do not support either of these ideas since with their occurrence and legacy people will be controlled by those who created such innovations while the human being is independent self-thinker who is responsible for his/her own actions, has personal wishes and dreams and is unpredictable in his/her behavior. While digital world gives me more and more opportunity to learn the world and communicate with other people, at the same time it controls me more and more shaping my behavior in the way innovators and digital world creators want. I personally think that technology should be wisely and within certain limits without suppressing and eliminating the natural things and personal communication between people.

Half My Type Regents notes :: essays research papers

The Five Themes of Geography Geography: The study of people, their environments, their resources and the interactions among them The Five Themes of Geography are: 1. Location 2. Place 3. Human Environment Interaction 4. Movement of People Goods and Ideas 5. Region 1. Location: Where something is located on the Earth’s Surface Relative – Location of Something in relation to something else (Ex: A house in relation to the street address) Absolute – An exact location of something on the earth’s surface using the lines of latitude and longitude. Longitude – The angular distance east or west of the prime meridian that stretches from the North Pole to the South Pole. Latitude – An Imaginary line joining points on the earth’s surface that are all equal distance north or south of the equator. It measures 0o on the equator and are parallel lines. 2. Place: Is and area defined by its physical and/or human characteristics. A) Physical Features – Things that would be in an area if humans never exited (Ex: Wildlife, Forest, Volcanoes, Mountains, Rivers, Oceans, Hills, Valleys, etc.) B) Human Features – Thins humans build, create, or influence. (Ex: Buildings, Crops, Cars, Roads, Cloths, Schools, Dams, Languages, Political Systems, Economic Systems, etc) 3. Human Environment Interaction: Two things can happen when humans interact with environment. A) People Change The Environment – Need to make easier lifestyle. (Ex: Roads, Buildings, Airports, Tunnels, Bridges, etc †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hidden Cost are Created – Damage to the environment. (Ex: Deforestation, Extinction, Overpopulation, Erosion, etc)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People Adapt to The New Environment – This includes Genetic Change   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Eskimo’s body adapts to Alaska harsh cold by growing an extra layer of fat, they use sleds for transportation, live in igloos that are created using ice, and wear heavy cloth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  African Tribesman use little to no clothing, no body fat due to the heat because body fat weighs you down, and they are fast and agile to get away from danger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chinese stir-fry cooking was developed because minimal fuel is needed. This was created to use the limited amount of fuel they had. 4. Movement of People, Goods, and Ideas   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Migration – People move for different reasons, an example would be: Refugees (war), Economy, Climate, Food, Shelter, Religion, Persecution, Political Problems, and so on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Immigration – People move into a country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emigration – People move out of a country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goods †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trade – Products that can be bought or sold. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Import – Goods brought into a country. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Export – Goods that leave a country. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interdependence – Reliance on other nations to provide goods which can’t be produced in their own country.

Myth of Gilgamesh Analysis

Liliana Magdaleno Ken Hiltner, Miss Russ English 122 LE October 27, 2011 Word Count: ~1450 Hero or Villain? In all epics, we read about the endeavors of heroes who have to conquer an evil entity in order to ensure the peace of their constituencies. They exhibit great virtues such as courage, pride, intelligence, wit, patriotism, and love for the people of their land, among other things.Those are typically the qualities that come to mind when we think of a hero; however, when we think of the evil force that compliments the hero, we think of someone/something that causes harm onto the land, and thus brings fear to everyone when the name of that entity is spoken. In the case of The Myth of Gilgamesh, the distinction of hero or villain is distorted. There is significant evidence that suggests that not only is Gilgamesh a villain, but also he is an environmental hazard. In the Myth of Gilgamesh, we are introduced to the so-called â€Å"hero† and leader behind the great walled city of Uruk.Gilgamesh â€Å"had seen everything†¦had journeyed to the edge of the world†¦had carved his trials on stone tablets†¦restored the holy Eanna Temple and the massive wall of Uruk†¦Gilgamesh suffered all and accomplished all. † (2-3) This introduction leads us to believe that Gilgamesh does possess some of the qualities that would make him be considered a hero; his soldiers refer to him as â€Å"the fortress† and â€Å"protector of the people, raging flood that destroys all defenses. † (3) It is rather instinctual for the reader to feel an admiration towards the character. However, one must not be so quick to judge.Words are just words, but actions are far louder. What is true of the statements that are said by his soldiers is that Gilgamesh destroys all defenses, in the ecocritical perspective; he destroys the defenses of the Cedar Forest. As the story unfolds, we begin to see Gilgamesh more as a villain than a hero. For example, Gilgam esh â€Å"does whatever he wants, takes the son from his father and crushes him, takes the girl from her mother and uses her, the warrior’s daughter, the young man’s bride, he uses her, no one dares to oppose him. † (4) Gilgamesh abuses his role of the hero/ruler of Uruk so that he can rape women and command his soldiers.He is inconsiderate of the feelings of others and only does as he pleases without thinking of the well being of his people. Gilgamesh feels like he is above men, king of kings. The people of his land don’t respect him, they fear him; thus the people of Uruk beg the gods to bring a force strong enough to calm Gilgamesh. That is when we are introduced to Enkidu, Gilgamesh’s double. Enkidu is the exact opposite of Gilgamesh, he is what epitomizes the desired ideal of a hero: he protects the animals from poachers, protects women from the lust of Gilgamesh, and is sensible. He is strong, witty, and has a love of nature.Enkidu is everyth ing the people of Uruk wished Gilgamesh to be. If Enkidu is the person that suits the role of the hero, it is fair to say that Gilgamesh is not a hero at all. Gilgamesh is ambitious, and wants to be forever known by the people of his land. Thus, he wants to preserve the great walled city of Uruk and make it a relic for the great empire ruled by the greatest the Fertile Crescent had ever seen. This need for an unnecessary relic that will require heavy resource consumption (in this case lumber) is an anachronism for a similar phenomenon that occurs within industrialized countries, affluenza.Affluenza is the suggestion that material possessions will bring joy to the individual. This is detrimental to the environment because it causes resource overuse and is very unsustainable. The latter part of the myth begins to show environmental degradation due to Gilgamesh’s greed. The Cedar Forest is the unknown and savage realm beyond the walled city of Uruk that is protected by an evil f orce named Humbaba. From an ecocritical perspective, the wilderness beyond Uruk is just nature or the environment.It is human anthropocentricism that makes it hard to realize that the wilderness is not something to fear just because we don’t have complete control over it. Man above nature is the cause of the Cedar Forest’s demise. Our villain-disguised hero needs to venture into the wilderness in order to face himself with his enemy Humbaba; it is during this section of the myth that another character flaw is revealed: Gilgamesh is a coward for being afraid of the force that is Humbaba (nature manifested as the Cedar Forest). He convinces his double, Enkidu, to embark on the same journey and help him defeat the deity.Gilgamesh is quick to talk about how he wants to be remembered for his glory and ensure that every inhabitant of Uruk will remember the great ruler he was. Yet, he is such a coward that he cannot do this alone. He has nightmares about entering the forest a re a psychological indication that he is not as mighty as he thinks he is. These nightmares are also critical of the environment, Humbaba is portrayed as a ruthless monster that will â€Å"tear [Gilgamesh] from limb to limb,† and â€Å"crush [him]† leave him â€Å"bloody and mangled on the ground. (29) This perspective of the environment as ruthless and relentless is the driving force for Gilgamesh to want to destroy it, to rid himself of the fears of what nature bestows. Nature is not a scary nor evil as this classic literature suggests, in modern contemporary times and even in the pastoral times, nature is giving and beautiful, once the value of the environment is known, it becomes less frightening. Gilgamesh had a fear for the unknown and a thirst for power; in essence, destroying nature would be the only way to realize how important nature truly is.After the fall of Humbaba, Gilgamesh stripped the forest of its tall and luscious trees. Not only did Gilgamesh rape the women of his soldiers, but he raped the forest as well. This was the ultimate goal of our villain’s quest: Gilgamesh gained full access to the Cedar Forest in order to create the relic that he so desired. Gilgamesh needs to feel that he is in control of everything, including nature. On the night of the attack, the weapons Gilgamesh used to combat Humbaba were axes, instead of swords or other conventional weapons. This story is a great metaphor for deforestation.Gilgamesh is the modern day logger in thirsty for virgin lands to satiate his thirst for common pool resources. At the moment, Giligamesh only cares about the reputation and glory, not about how much damage he is causing to the land. This damage turned out to be one of the greatest environmental mishaps of all time. The Myth of Gilgamesh took place in ancient Mesopotomia. This area was previously referred as the Fertile Crescent. After this large-scale deforestation, there wasn’t really anything fertile abou t it. In A Forest Journey by John Perlin, we learn about the technologies created within the era of Gilgamesh.It is evident that as human ingenuity kept rising, environmental degradation followed. The people of the Third Dynasty at Ur, 2100 B. C. harnessed the power of lumber to create â€Å"axes, hammers, hoes, and sickles [to] facilitate work. † (37) Tragedy of the Commons, another anachronism, surfaced as the people of the land began the exploitation of the common pool resource of the Euphrates poplar. With the rising demand of wood, policy and trade became instituted and modern day problems such as selling resources at low prices, not including the environmental impact, in addition to transporting these resources long distances.The physical environment also changed with excessive silt and high salinity. Silt was a huge problem because the â€Å"Euphrates, Tirgis, and Karun rivers became full of silt and salt† (38); water levels declined which made it difficult for irrigation and transportation by ship. High salinity also damaged the agriculture industry as high amounts of salty minerals inhibited successful crop yields. Throughout history we have read about marvelous civilizations with great empires and feats, majestic lands with beautiful relics to preserve their culture forever. Learning about their rise is as amazing as learning about their fall.In the case of Mesopotamia, greedy leaders such as Gilgamesh who wish to preserve his era by means of environmental degradation not only make him an incompetent leader by virtue of not being humble and lack of desired qualities, but also one of the key reasons that this great civilization became a barren land. Works Cited Mitchell, Stephen. â€Å"Book One to Book 5. † Gilgamesh: a new English version. New York: Free Press, 2004. 1-32. Print. Perlin, John. A forest journey: the role of wood in the development of civilization. New York: W. W. Norton, 1989. Print.

Gig Economy Definition and Pros and Cons

The term â€Å"gig economy† refers to a free market system in which traditional businesses hire independent contractors, freelancers, and short-term workers to perform individual tasks, assignments, or jobs. The term comes from the world of the performing arts in which musicians, comedians, etc. are paid for their individual appearances, called â€Å"gigs.†Ã‚   Key Takeaways: Gig Economies In the gig economy, businesses hire independent contractors to perform individual jobs, called â€Å"gigs.†Hired and assigned via internet and smartphone applications, gig employees work remotely.While contract gig workers enjoy great scheduling flexibility and extra income, they suffer from relatively low pay, lack of benefits, and increased stress.  In 2018, about 57 million Americans—nearly 36% of the total U.S. workforce—were full or part-time gig workers. While such temporary arrangements offer tremendous advantages, like freedom and flexibility, workers in the rapidly-evolving gig economy are finding they face an increased risk of financial hardship from being totally responsible for their own income and benefits. Much like traditional jobs, gig economy jobs are great—until they’re not. How the Gig Economy Works In the â€Å"gig economy† or â€Å"freelance economy,† gig workers earn all or part of their incomes from short-term contracts under which they are paid for individual tasks, assignments, or jobs. Typified by globally-recognized companies like Uber, and Lyft—which hire people to use their personal vehicles to provide taxi-like, on-demand ride services—gig economy companies use internet and smartphone-based applications to both hire and assign workers. Each individual gig or assignment usually accounts for only a part of gig worker’s total income. By combining several tasks for different companies, gig workers can realize cumulative earnings equal to those of conventional full-time jobs. For example, some gig workers drive their cars for both Uber and Lyft, along with renting out rooms in their homes through Airbnb. Other people simply use gig jobs to supplement their regular income. Another aspect of the gig economy involves so-called â€Å"digital earning platforms,† like eBay and Etsy, which allow people to earn money by selling their used items or personal creations, and online handyman services, like TaskRabbit. In many ways, the gig economy reflects and facilitates the desire of millennial generation workers for greater flexibility in balancing their work-life demands, often changing jobs several times during their lifetimes. No matter what motives drive gig workers, the popularity of the internet, with its capability for remote work, has caused the gig economy to thrive. How Big is the Gig Economy? SAN FRANCISCO, CA - A Lyft customer gets into a car on January 21, 2014 in San Francisco, California. As ridesharing services like Lyft, Uber and Sidecar become more popular, the San Francisco Cab Driver Association is reporting that nearly one third of San Franciscos licensed taxi drivers have stopped driving taxis and have started to drive for the ridesharing services. Justin Sullivan / Getty Images According to a Gallup Workplace report, 36% of all U.S. workers were gig workers during 2018. â€Å"Gallup estimates that 29% of all workers in the U.S. have an alternative work arrangement as their primary job. This includes a quarter of all full-time workers (24%) and half of all part-time workers (49%). Including multiple job holders, 36% have a gig work arrangement in some capacity,† states the report. Those percentages mean that about 57 million Americans had one or more gig jobs. The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) estimates that combined digital economy grew by an average of 5.6% per year from 2006 to 2016 compared to 1.5% growth in the overall economy. Perhaps even more eye-opening, the BEA reported that the digital economy supports about 6 million jobs, or 4% of total US employment, â€Å"similar to industries like finance and insurance, wholesale trade, and transportation and warehousing.† And as big as the gig economy is now, the Pew Research Center predicts it will growth even faster as more people become familiar with using mobile devices to arrange for personal services and to buy and sell products. According to online technology magazine Digital Trends, at least 6.1 billion people (70% of the world’s population) will have a smartphone by the end of 2020, a drastic increase from, 2.6 billion smartphone users in 2014. Pros and Cons for Gig Workers For employers, the gig economy is mostly a win-win proposition. Businesses are able to quickly contract with experts for individual projects without the overhead costs like office space, training, and benefits. For freelancing gig workers, however, it can be a mixed bag of pros and cons. Advantages of Gig Work Flexibility: Unlike traditional employees, gig workers are free to choose what types of jobs they do and when and where they do them. The ability to work from home helps in balancing work and family schedules and demands.  Independence: For people who like to be left alone while they complete an assignment, gig work is ideal. Not hindered by traditional office interruptions like staff meetings, progress reviews, and water cooler gossip sessions, gig economy workers are typically given almost unlimited independence to do their work when and how they think it should be done.Variety: The old office bug-a-boo of monotony is rare in gig work. A wide variety of tasks and clients every day keeps the work interesting, helping gig workers be more enthusiastic and creative in their work. Never a dull day in gig work—unless you want one. Disadvantages of Gig Work Modest Pay: While they can make as much as $15,000 a year, a study by online lender Earnest found that about 85% of gig workers make less than $500 a month from a single side-job. The solution, of course, is to take on multiple gigs.No Benefits: Very few gig jobs come with any sort of health or retirement benefits. While some long-term contracts may come with limited benefit packages, even this is rare.Taxes and Expenses: Since contract gig workers are not legally classified as â€Å"employees,† their employers do not withhold income tax or Social Security taxes from their paychecks. As a result, gig workers must make quarterly estimated tax payments to the IRS based on what they have earned. Most freelance and gig workers find the need to pay from 25% to 30% of each of their paychecks in order to avoid owing taxes at filing time. In addition, most gig workers are responsible for buying their own work-related equipment like cars, computers, and smartphones. While some of these expenses can be deducted from taxes, not all can be. Many gig workers find they must also factor in the cost of accountants or tax preparation services or software.Stress: All of the above, along with the need to constantly be looking for their next gig and dealing with changes in their current contract can make for increased stress—an undesirable tradeoff to the greater flexibility of gig work. The Gig Economy and Consumer Safety While the growth of the digital economy shows that consumers relish and demand the convenience, choice, and potential cost savings of gig services and sales, the gig economy also poses a threat to public safety. Due to the remote hiring processes involved, gig workers sometimes do skilled jobs with little or no training or prior experience. For example, passengers of online ridesharing services are often unaware of their driver’s skill level, driver’s license status, or criminal background. In addition, gig drivers are not subject to the same U.S. Department of Transportation consecutive driving hours limitations imposed on traditional commercial drivers. While some online ride services now lock out their drivers after certain number of hours behind the wheel, drivers often work for more than one service and simply switch back-and-forth, thus allowing them to drive for extended hours. In the realm of gig sales and rentals, the old adage of â€Å"buyer beware† rings particularly true. Products are often sold without warranties or guarantees of quality or authenticity, and rental properties may not be as desirable as they appear on the service’s website. Sources McFeely, Shane, and Pendell, Ryan. â€Å"What Workplace Leaders Can Learn From the Real Gig Economy.† Gallup Workplace (August 16, 2018).â€Å"Defining and Measuring the Digital Economy.† U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (March 15, 2018).Smith, Aaron. â€Å"Gig Work, Online Selling and Home Sharing.† Pew Research (November 2017).Bloom, Ester. Heres how much money Americans are making from the gig economy. CNBC (June 20, 2017).Boxall, Andy. â€Å"Number of smartphone users in the world is expected to reach a giant 6.1 billion by 2020.† Digital Trends (October 3, 2015).The pros and cons of the gig economy. Western Governors University (August 31, 2018).Medina, Andje M. and Peters, Craig M. How the Gig Economy Hurts Workers and Consumers. Entrepreneur Magazine (July 25, 2017).